Blog of Wan Leung (Chris Wong, wanleung)
不知何解, 最近常有人問, 如何在非中文介面下用scim輸入中文.
本人亦是用英文介面, 因為習慣了, 改不到.
由於系統預設scim只會在中日韓介面時才會啟動, 因此若要在英文介面下要輸入中文, 就需要手動設定一下.
ubuntu和debian的作法都是一樣的,
首先, 看一看有沒有安裝scim及輸入法的packages和im-switch.
然後用im-switch去設定.
先打locale看看自己在用英文的哪一個語系, 如en_HK.UTF-8, en_US.UTF-8, en_GB.UTF-8等.
如語系是en_HK.UTF-8, 就打
im-switch -z en_HK -c
如語系是en_GB.UTF-8, 就打
im-switch -z en_GB -c
如此類推.
之後就會進入一個menu, 有一堆輸入法可供選擇,
選scim-immodule
就完成.
之後登出, 再重新登入, 現在就可以用ctrl-space去叫scim出來, 輸入中文了.
終於把家中的WORK STATION和LAPTOP上的DEBAIN， UPGRADE到TESTING VERSION。
GNOME的速度比以前快了些，而字體就比以前減了2個SIZE，應該FIX了上一個版本字體雖SET為同一SIZE，但在GNOME中字體比KDE大的問題。
另外TESTING VERSION中，多了開機動畫。
其他功能還在測試中。
今日再用firefox嘗試登入HSBC的網上銀行,
終於能成功登入. 證明HSBC弄好了firefox的登入問題.
但在Debian中, 用iceweasel仍不能登入,
經看過登入頁面的source後, 看到在一個variable,
在用debian的iceweasel時, 會程現false的狀態,
這個variable是由server generate出來的.
但用user agent switcher把agent轉成ie後, 發現那個variable會成為true.
之後試一下把default agent的iceweasel轉成firefox. 再reload登入page, 那個variable成了true,
並能正常登入.
那就證明在8月29日晚至30日早上期間, 匯豐更新了系統, 而更新過程中,
加入了一段只會認某些user agent的code入去其cgi以及javascript.
但加入過程有些出錯, 引至30日不能用firefox登入.
雖然現修理好, 但因加了識別某些user agent的code,
現在令debian的iceweasel不能登入HSBC的eBanking.
還好, HSBC不是封殺firefox. 只不過, 現時用debian比較麻煩些,
要用user agent switcher把iceweasel轉成firefox.
昨日還能用Iceweasel(Firefox in Debian)登入HSBC的網上銀行服務。
豈料今日早上登入時，
出現這句
We regret that HSBC Internet Banking must be viewed by either Internet Explorer 6.0 (or later versions) or Netscape Navigator 7.1 (or later versions). You may visit http://www.microsoft.com or http://home.netscape.com to download a compatible browser.
本人用DEBIAN，因此沒有辦法，立即下載NETSCAPE9。
怎料下載完成後，在執行時出現
./navigator-bin: error while loading shared libraries: libmozjs.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
真是……
最後是，用了一個FIREFOX的PLUGIN, user agent switcher去扮IE，
於是成功進入到HSBC的EBANKING系統，並能正常使用，沒有任何問題。
問過其他同事及朋友，他們都同樣地出現Firefox不能登入,
但IE和NETSCAPE能正常使用的問題。
不明白的是， 原本他們的網上銀行系統一直都支援FIREFOX，
今日突然話不支援，但轉了USER AGENT後就能正常進入，
而且沒有任何問題。
經投訴，HSBC回覆是因他們銀行系統發生故障，正在修理中。
希望正如他們所言，真的只是故障，而不是封殺FIREFOX。
Here is the instruction for running XEN on Debian Etch on Core2Duo 6300 with 2GB Ram.
First, install all the packages that related to XEN.
apt-get install libc6-xen linux-headers-2.6-xen-686 linux-headers-2.6-xen-vserver-686 linux-headers-2.6.18-4-xen linux-headers-2.6.18-4-xen-686 linux-headers-2.6.18-4-xen-vserver linux-headers-2.6.18-4-xen-vserver-686 linux-image-2.6-xen-686 linux-image-2.6-xen-vserver-686 linux-image-2.6.18-4-xen-686 linux-image-2.6.18-4-xen-vserver-686 linux-image-xen-686 linux-image-xen-vserver-686 linux-modules-2.6.18-4-xen-686 linux-modules-2.6.18-4-xen-vserver-686 xen-hypervisor-3.0.3-1-i386 xen-hypervisor-3.0.3-1-i386-pae xen-ioemu-3.0.3-1 xen-tools xen-utils-3.0.3-1 xen-utils-common bridge-utils iproute sysfsutils
Then, boot reboot the machine and choose the pae kernel to boot.
Next, add the following into /etc/network/interface for the Xen Bridge neteork.
auto xenbr0 iface xenbr0 inet dhcp bridge_ports eth0 # optional bridge_maxwait 0
To build a new debian domain:
Configurature /etc/xen-tools/xen-tools.conf collectly such as kernel version and initrd.
Then, run
xen-create-image --hostname=<name_of_DomU> --dir /home/xen/images/debian
Next, configurature
/etc/xen/<name_of_DomU>.cfg
to make sure all the Tag are correct.
Finally, run
xm create test.cfg -c
to run the VM.
As Core2Duo 6300 support VT, we could run Windows under Xen.
To run Windows in Xen,
first, build an image file for windows.
dd if=/dev/zero of=/home/xen/images/WinXP.img bs=1M count=4096
Next, copy the Windows XP install CD in to an iso format
dd if=/dev/cdrom of=/home/xen/cds/winxp.iso
Then, build a winxp config file in /etc/xen as the following. eg:
vi /etc/xen/winxp
kernel = "hvmloader" builder='hvm' memory = 512 name = "winxp" vif = [ 'type=ioemu, bridge=xenbr0' ] disk = [ 'file:/home/xen/images/WinXP.img,ioemu:hda,w', 'file:/home/xen/cds/winxp.iso,hdc:cdrom,r' ] #cdrom = '/dev/hda' device_model = 'qemu-dm' boot="dc" sdl=1 vnc=0 nographic=0 localtime=1
Run
xm create winxp -c
to boot up the VM and install XP.
After finished installing the XP, turn off the VM and
change the
boot="dc"
to
boot="c"
in
/etc/xen/winxp
While the Debian apache2 package was in Apache version 2.0, there was a tool called “apache2-ssl-certificate” for the users to use that script to gererate their own self-signed cert themselves. However, the script was removed since the apache2 package had been upgraded to Apache v2.2.
I had modified the old script so that it can generate a suitable self-signed cert for the new apache2(Apache v2.2) in Debain.
Here is the code:
#!/bin/sh -e
DAYS="365"
CERTPATH="/etc/apache2/ssl"
CERTNAME="apache"
KEYBIT="1024"
FORCE="0";
usage(){
echo "This is a program for the users to gernate their own self-signed certificate."
echo
echo "Usage: $0 [[OPTION] [VALUE]]..."
echo
echo "OPTIONS:"
echo " -h | -help | --help -- To Show This Help"
echo " -f | --force -- Force to generate the cert"
echo " -d | -days | --days -- cert to expire after x days, default is 365"
echo " -p | -path | --path -- Path of the cert will be stored,"
echo " default is /etc/apache/ssl"
echo " -n | -name | --name -- the name of the cert, default is apache"
echo " -b | -bit | --bit -- length of the key, default is 1024"
echo
}
createcert() {
if [ "$FORCE" != "1" -a -f $CERTPATH/$CERTNAME.pem ]; then
echo "$CERTPATH/$CERTNAME.pem exists! Use \"$0 --force.\""
exit 0
fi
echo
echo creating selfsigned certificate
echo "replace it with one signed by a certification authority (CA)"
echo
echo enter your ServerName at the Common Name prompt
echo
echo If you want your certificate to expire after x days call this programm
echo with "--days x"
mkdir -p "$CERTPATH/"
export RANDFILE=/dev/random
openssl req $@ -new -x509 -days $DAYS -nodes
-newkey rsa:$KEYBIT
-out $CERTPATH/$CERTNAME.pem
-keyout $CERTPATH/$CERTNAME.pem
chmod 600 $CERTPATH/$CERTNAME.pem
}
case $1 in
-h|help|--help)
usage
exit 0
;;
esac
until [ -z "$1" ] # Until all parameters used up . . .
do
case $1 in
--force|-f|-force)
FORCE="1"
shift
;;
--days|-d|-days)
DAYS=$2
shift
shift
;;
--path|-p|-path)
CERTPATH=$2
shift
shift
;;
--name|-n|-name)
CERTNAME=$2
shift
shift
;;
--bit|-n|-bit)
KEYBIT=$2
shift
shift
;;
*)
usage
exit 0
;;
esac
done
createcert
MD5SUM: 6fb69eb0d63a683e73461f4f682e13e5
為慶祝DEBIAN 4.0 released，Debian HK今日下午3時在又一城辦了一個聚會，
本人今日有幸能抽空出席。在聚會中，認識了不少LINUX的愛好者，
大家彼此交流了不少LINUX的經驗和知識， 是一個很好的聚會。
Debian Etch finally released on 8th April, 2007.
Here is the notice from debian-announce@lists.debian.org.
Debian GNU/Linux 4.0 released The Debian Project is pleased to announce the official release of Debian GNU/Linux version 4.0, codenamed "etch", after 21 months of constant development. Debian GNU/Linux is a free operating system which supports a total of eleven processor architectures and includes the KDE, GNOME and Xfce desktop environments. It also features cryptographic software and compatibility with the FHS v2.3 and software developed for version 3.1 of the LSB. Using a now fully integrated installation process, Debian GNU/Linux 4.0 comes with out-of-the-box support for encrypted partitions. This release introduces a newly developed graphical frontend to the installation system supporting scripts using composed characters and complex languages; the installation system for Debian GNU/Linux has now been translated to 58 languages. Also beginning with Debian GNU/Linux 4.0, the package management system has been improved regarding security and efficiency. Secure APT allows the verification of the integrity of packages downloaded from a mirror. Updated package indices won't be downloaded in their entirety, but instead patched with smaller files containing only differences from earlier versions. Debian GNU/Linux runs on computers ranging from palmtops and handheld systems to supercomputers, and on nearly everything in between. A total of eleven architectures are supported including: Sun SPARC (sparc), HP Alpha (alpha), Motorola/IBM PowerPC (powerpc), Intel IA-32 (i386) and IA-64 (ia64), HP PA-RISC (hppa), MIPS (mips, mipsel), ARM (arm), IBM S/390 (s390) and -- newly introduced with Debian GNU/Linux 4.0 -- AMD64 and Intel EM64T (amd64). Debian GNU/Linux can be installed from various installation media such as DVDs, CDs, USB sticks and floppies, or from the network. GNOME is the default desktop environment and is contained on the first CD. The K Desktop Environment (KDE) and the Xfce desktop can be installed through two new alternative CD images. Also newly available with Debian GNU/Linux 4.0 are multi-arch CDs and DVDs supporting installation of multiple architectures from a single disc. Debian GNU/Linux can be downloaded right now via bittorent (the recommended way), jigdo or HTTP; see <http://www.debian.org/CD/> for further information. It will soon be available on DVD and CD-ROM from numerous vendors <http://www.debian.org/CD/vendors/>, too. This release includes a number of updated software packages, such as the K Desktop Environment 3.5 (KDE), an updated version of the GNOME desktop environment 2.14, the Xfce 4.4 desktop environment, the GNUstep desktop 5.2, X.Org 7.1, OpenOffice.org 2.0.4a, GIMP 2.2.13, Iceweasel (an unbranded version of Mozilla Firefox 2.0.0.3), Icedove (an unbranded version of Mozilla Thunderbird 1.5), Iceape (an unbranded version of Mozilla Seamonkey 1.0.8), PostgreSQL 8.1.8, MySQL 5.0.32, GNU Compiler Collection 4.1.1, Linux kernel version 2.6.18, Apache 2.2.3, Samba 3.0.24, Python 2.4.4 and 2.5, Perl 5.8.8, PHP 4.4.4 and 5.2.0, Asterisk 1.2.13, and more than 18,000 other ready to use software packages. Upgrades to Debian GNU/Linux 4.0 from the previous release, Debian GNU/Linux 3.1 codenamed "sarge", are automatically handled by the aptitude package management tool for most configurations, and to a certain degree also by the apt-get package management tool. As always, Debian GNU/Linux systems can be upgraded quite painlessly, in place, without any forced downtime, but it is strongly recommended to read the release notes for possible issues. For detailed instructions about installing and upgrading Debian GNU/Linux, please see the release notes <http://www.debian.org/releases/etch/releasenotes>. Please note that the release notes will be further improved and translated to additional languages in the coming weeks. About Debian ------------ Debian GNU/Linux is a free operating system, developed by more than a thousand volunteers from all over the world who collaborate via the Internet. Debian's dedication to Free Software, its non-profit nature, and its open development model make it unique among GNU/Linux distributions. The Debian project's key strengths are its volunteer base, its dedication to the Debian Social Contract, and its commitment to provide the best operating system possible. Debian 4.0 is another important step in that direction. Contact Information ------------------- For further information, please visit the Debian web pages at <http://www.debian.org/> or send mail to <press@debian.org>.
To use deb rather than source.
http://www.debian-administration.org/articles/78
W: GPG error: ftp://www.hk.debian.org unstable Release: The following signatures couldn’t be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY F1D53D8C4F368D5D NO_PUBKEY 010908312D230C5F
W: You may want to run apt-get update to correct these problems
Solution:
$ gpg –keyserver wwwkeys.eu.pgp.net –recv-keys F1D53D8C4F368D5D
$ gpg –armor –export F1D53D8C4F368D5D | apt-key add -
$ gpg –keyserver wwwkeys.eu.pgp.net –recv-keys 010908312D230C5F
$ gpg –armor –export 010908312D230C5F | apt-key add -
$ apt-get update
LWN